CXC CSEC Social Studies Exam Guide

Section B: Sustainable Development and Use of Resources

(1) Development and Use Of Resources

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The students should be able to:

Explain and use correctly concepts and terms associated with human and physical resources.

Explanation of terms and concepts:

 (a)    Concepts related to human
         resources: population, birth rate,
         death rate, natural increase, life
         expectancy, infant
         mortality rate, fertility rate,
         migration, immigration, 
         emigration, net migration,
         brain dran, urbanization,
         depopulation, population density,
         population distribution,
         dependency ratio,
         employment, unemployment,
         underemployment,
          unemployable, labour force, 
          sustainable development,
          population census, resource,
          human resource.

 (b)    Concepts related to physical  
          resources:   development,
          environment, conservation,
          energy, renewable resource,
          natural resource, non-renewable
          resource, infrastructure, food
          security, pollution,
          conservation, global warming,
          greenhouse effect.
          Environmental  impact and
          assessment.

Major characteristics of a populationaccording to age, sex, occupation, ethnicity, religion, dependency ratio.

Factors influencing population change:

birth rate,

death rate,

migration.

Sources of population statistics:

(a)    National census, Registrar's office,
        Office of Naturalization, records of
        religious institutions.

(b)     Uses of population statistics: For
          planning related to: housing,
          healthcare, education,
          employment, social welfare,
          infrastructural development.

Migration:

(a)    Causes:
         Push and pull factors that
         influence rural- urban, urban-rural
         migration among Caribbean
         countries and migration between
         the Caribbean and other parts of
         the world;

(b)     Consequences of migration to
          the individual, the host country
          and to the country of origin. 

Explain the need for developing human resources;

The need for:

Productive workers, creative and critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Development of human resources through:

(a)   nutrition and health;

(b)   the availability of and access to
        primary and curative health care;

(c)    education (basic, moral,
        vocational, and professional
        training, rehabilitation,
        retaining);

(d)    the availability and access to
        various  types of educational
        institutions;

(e)    the provision of scholarships;

(e)    sports;

(f)     culture;

Factors the influence employment, unemployment, underemployment:

(a)  Availability and use of capital

(b)  Level and range of skills demanded
      verses those available,

(c)  Availability and creation of markets,
      trading patterns and preferences,

(d)  Level of technology available in
      relation to resource development  

Preparation for the world of work:

(a) Choosing a job or self-employment-

      making choices, considering
      values, needs, interests, ambitions.

(b)  Procedural requirements for job
      selection and self–employment:

     i. Collecting information on jobs,

     ii. Listing available options

     iii. Assessing available options

     iv. Determining consequences of
         choice

     v. Obtaining resources

(c) rights and responsibilites of workers

(a) Location of major natural resources;

      i. Renewable -
         agricultural land, water, forests,
         beaches, marine life, solar
         energy, wind.

      ii.  Non-renewable - petroleum,
          bauxite, gold, diamond, other
          minerals, geothermal energy.

(b) Uses of natural resources.

Data related to human and physical resources: population, migration, employment and unemployment statistics.